Gray's Anatomy is a reference book of human anatomy written by Henry Gray, illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter, and first published in London in 1858. It has gone through multiple revised editions and the current edition, the 42nd (October 2020), remains a standard reference, often considered "the doctors' bible".[1]
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The English anatomist Henry Gray was born in 1827. He studied the development of the endocrine glands and spleen and in 1853 was appointed Lecturer on Anatomy at St George's Hospital Medical School in London. In 1855, he approached his colleague Henry Vandyke Carter with his idea to produce an inexpensive and accessible anatomy textbook for medical students. Dissecting unclaimed bodies from workhouse and hospital mortuaries through the Anatomy Act of 1832, the two worked for 18 months on what would form the basis of the book. Their work was first published in 1858 by John William Parker in London.[2]It was dedicated by Gray to Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet.
The current editions also contain histology, embryology, and pathology subjects that complements anatomical knowledge.[1] The newest edition is the 42nd edition. The more popular 41st edition of Gray's Anatomy was published on 25 September 2015 by Elsevier in both print and online versions, and is the first edition to have enhanced online content including anatomical videos and a bonus Gray's imaging library. The 41st edition also has 24 specially invited online commentaries on contemporary anatomical topics such as advances in electron and fluorescent microscopy; the neurovascular bundles of the prostate; stem cells in regenerative medicine; the anatomy of facial aging; and technical aspects and applications of diagnostic radiology.
Anson, B. J. Morris' human anatomy. 12th Ed. New York, Mc Graw-Hill, 1996. pp.1056-7.Bergman, R. A.; Thompson, S. A.; Afifi, A. K. & Sadeh, F. A. Compendium of human anatomic variations. Text, atlas and world literature. Baltimore-Munich: Urban and Schwarzenberg, 1988. p.137Berry, M.; Bannister, L. H. & Standring, S. M. Nervous system. In: Gray's Anatomy. Williams, P. L. (Ed). Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1995.
Caliot, P.; Dumont, D.; Bousquet, V. & Midy, D. A note on the anastomoses between the hypoglossal nerve and the cervical plexus. Surg. Radiol. Anat., 8(1):75-9, 1986.Chhetri, D. K. & Berke, G. S. Ansa cervicalis nerve: review of the topographic anatomy and morphology. Laryngoscope, 107(10):1366-72, 1997.Grant, J. B. An Atlas of Anatomy. 5th Ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1962.Gray, H.C. Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical. Philadelphia, H.C. Les, 1876.Hamilton, W. J. Textbook of human anatomy. 1st Ed. London, Macmilan, 1956. pp.869-70.
Hollinshead, W. H. & Rosse, C. Textbook of Anatomy. 4th Ed. New York, Harper and Row, 1985.Khaki, A. A.; Shokouhi, G.; Shoja, M. M.; Farahani, R. M.; Zarrintan, S.; Khaki, A.; Montazam, H.; Tanoomand, A. & Tubbs, R. S. Ansa cervicalis as a variant of spinal accessory nerve plexus: a case report. Clin. Anat., 19(6):540-3, 2006.Kukwa, A.; Marchel, A.; Pietniczka, M.; Rakowicz, M. & Krajewski, R. Reanimation of the face after facial nerve palsy resulting from resection of a cerebellopontine angle tumour. Br. J. Neurosurg., 8(3):327-32, 1994.Kuniak, B. & Klacansk, J. Topographic anatomy of the ansa cervicalis with reference to reinnervation of the larynx. Cesk. Otolaryngol., 31(3):170-5, 1982.Larsell, O. The nervous system. In: Morris' Human Anatomy. Schaeffer, J. P. (Ed). New York, Blackiston, 1953.
Liang, L. Reinnervation of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle: a comparison of nerve implantation and neuromuscular pedicle transfer in an animal model. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi, 28(1):19-21, 59, 1993.Nasri, S.; Sercarz, J. A.; Ye, M.; Kreiman, J.; Gerratt, B. R. & Berke, G. S. Effects of arytenoid adduction on laryngeal function following ansa cervicalis nerve transfer for vocal fold paralysis in an in vivo canine model. Laryngoscope, 104(10):1187-93, 1994.Poviraev, N. P. & Chernikov, Y. F. Anatomy of the ansa cervicalis. Exerpta Medica, 21(1):219, 1967.Rao, T. R.; Shetty, P. & Rao, S. R. A rare case of formation of double ansa cervicalis: a case report. Neuroanatomy, 6:26-7, 2007.Romanes, G. J. Cunningham's textbook of anatomy. 12th Ed. London, Oxford University Press, 1981.Tucker, H. M. Reinnervation of the paralyzed larynx: a review. Head Neck Surg., 1(3):235-42, 1979.Vollala, V. R.; Bhat, S. M.; Nayak, S.; Raghunathan, D.; Samuel, V. P.; Rodrigues, V. & Mathew, J. G. A rare origin of upper root of ansa cervicalis from vagus nerve: a case report. Neuroanatomy, 4:8-9, 2005.Warwick, R. & Williams, P. L. Gray's Anatomy. 35th Ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1973. pp.1034-7.Williams, P. L.; Bannister, L. H.; Berry, M. M.; Collins, P.; Dyson, M.; Dussek, J. E. & Ferguson, M. W. J. Gray's Anatomy. 38th Ed. Baltimore, Churchill Livingstone, 1995.Williams, P. L. & Warwick, R. Gray 's Anatomy. 36th Ed. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1980. pp.1091-4.Dr. Prakash Babu.B Associate Professor of Anatomy Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Karnataka-576104 INDIA 2ff7e9595c
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